ATS 2026 IPF Wrap-up: 6 Compounds With Promising Data

Scope of This Article

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference 2026 was held May 15-20, 2026, in Orlando, Florida. We published an ATS 2026 preview 16 days before the meeting (May 1) summarizing six clinical development themes to watch in IPF and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). This wrap-up serves as the symmetric counterpart, focusing on six compounds with clinically relevant evidence that became publicly available during or alongside the conference window, restricted to information verifiable in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, or company investor relations (IR) documents.

We deliberately avoid predictive statements about "expected results" before they are published. Every numeric value and claim below traces to a PMID or DOI for peer-reviewed papers, an NCT identifier for trial registries, or a dated company IR release. ATS 2026 conference DB abstract numbers will be added in a staged update after they are indexed (volume 213 Supplement of AJRCCM, indexing typically follows the meeting by 1-2 weeks).

1. Overview of ATS 2026 IPF Sessions

ATS is the world's largest respiratory medicine conference, and IPF sessions traditionally feature Phase 3 trial interim/final analyses, Phase 2 dose-response data, and patient-centered outcome research (PCOR). The 2026 meeting was the first annual conference following the October 2025 FDA approval of Nerandomilast (JASCAYD, PDE4B inhibitor), and the agenda reflected the new "Nintedanib / Pirfenidone / Nerandomilast triad" baseline with progress on both next-generation antifibrotics and symptomatic/delivery innovations [17].

The six compounds covered in this article span a wide developmental range: Phase 3 completed (Treprostinil), Phase 3 enrolling (Admilparant), Phase 2b completed (Nalbuphine ER), Phase 2b fully enrolled (Buloxibutid), Phase 2a + patient research (AP01), and Phase 2a + Phase 3 planning (Rentosertib). Laying each compound out side-by-side on Phase / primary endpoint / key result / sponsor / ATS 2026 session provides a unified view of the broader IPF treatment landscape.

2. Six-Compound Clinical Data Comparison

The table below is the centerpiece of this wrap-up. For each of the six compounds with ATS 2026 disclosures or peri-conference primary-source updates, we summarize phase, n, primary endpoint, key result, and Source / ATS relevance (whether data shown was new at ATS 2026 or pre-existing). Each cell is rederived in §3-§5 with explicit PMID/NCT/IR citations.

Compound	Mechanism	Phase	n	Primary endpoint	Key result	Source / ATS relevance
Inhaled Treprostinil (Tyvaso)	Prostacyclin analog (IP/EP2/DP1)	Ph3 TETON-2 complete + TETON-1 NEJM/ATS	593 (TETON-2) / 598 (TETON-1)	52-wk median FVC change	TETON-2: +95.6 mL vs placebo (−49.9 vs −136.4, p<0.001); TETON-1: +130.1 mL (95%CI 82.2-178.1, p<0.0001); pooled +111.8 mL [1][4][4b]	ATS 2026 oral (May 17 Breaking News + May 18 NEJM publication; IPF indication investigational as of 2026-05-22; sNDA planned by end of summer 2026)
Admilparant (BMS-986278)	Oral LPA1 antagonist	Ph2 complete / Ph3 ALOFT-IPF ongoing	276 IPF + 123 PPF (Ph2 treated)	26-wk FVC %predicted change	PPF 60mg vs PBO +3.2% (95%CI 0.7–5.7, significant); IPF +1.4% (NS) [5]	pre-ATS publication (AJRCCM 2025); no ATS 2026-specific abstract confirmed = positioned as Phase 3 context comparator
Rentosertib (oral ISM001-055)	TNIK inhibitor (AI-discovered)	Ph2a GENESIS-IPF complete	71 (China)	12-wk safety primary	Safety primary endpoint met; comparable TEAE rates [8]	pre-ATS publication (Nat Med 2025-06); Phase 3 H2 2026 initiation guided by Insilico [10]
Rentosertib (inhaled ISM018_055)	TNIK inhibition, inhaled formulation (separate program)	China CDE IND clearance, Phase 1 starting	—	preclinical / Phase 1 design	inhaled formulation 4 posters (target biology + delivery + translational + Phase 1 design) [10]	ATS 2026 peripheral / RIS (Respiratory Innovation Summit May 15-16, distinct from main conference)
Buloxibutid (C21)	Oral AT2 receptor agonist (ATRAG)	Ph2a AIR complete / Ph2b ASPIRE fully enrolled (actual n=378)	AIR 36-wk evaluable n=28 (open-label single-arm)	AIR 36-wk FVC change (open-label)	AIR: FVC +216 mL at week 36 (external comparator vs untreated trajectory ~−400 mL; not a placebo-controlled RCT) [11]	ATS 2026 poster (AIR analyses + AT2R translational research); ASPIRE enrollment completion via 2026-04-22 PR separately [12]
Avalyn AP01	Inhaled pirfenidone (eFlow nebulizer)	Ph1b ATLAS complete / Ph2b MIST ongoing	ATLAS open-label dose-ranging	imaging-based fibrosis progression (post-hoc QCT)	Phase 1b open-label/post-hoc QCT: 100mg BID showed stable FVC and smaller QLF progression trend [13]	ATS 2026 patient/usability (Posters P60+P68 — patient experience + nebulizer usability, not new efficacy data)
Nalbuphine ER (Haduvio, proposed trade name)	KAMA (kappa-agonist + mu-antagonist)	Ph2b CORAL complete	4-arm RCT	6-wk 24-hour cough frequency reduction (from baseline)	Baseline-to-week-6 reductions: 108mg 60.2% / 54mg 53.4% / 27mg 47.9% / placebo 16.9% (placebo comparison P<.001-.008) [15]	ATS 2026 oral May 18 + 4 posters (CORAL primary/subgroup + cough bouts post-hoc + Phase 1 DDI + Phase 3 design) [16]

How to read the table: Treprostinil and Admilparant anchor the Phase 3 FVC modality axis; Rentosertib (oral) and Buloxibutid pursue novel mechanisms (TNIK and AT2R); Rentosertib (inhaled), AP01, and Nalbuphine ER represent delivery innovation and symptomatic therapy. The Source / ATS relevance column distinguishes ATS 2026 new disclosures from pre-existing publications/PRs. Mixing phase stages and endpoint types means a single-rank comparison is not the right reading — the table illustrates three parallel directions of IPF drug development, not a hierarchy.

3. Phase 3 FVC Modality — Treprostinil and Admilparant

3.1 Inhaled Treprostinil (Tyvaso) — TETON-2 NEJM Publication and ATS 2026 Mini-symposium

United Therapeutics' inhaled Treprostinil reached a major milestone with publication of the Phase 3 TETON-2 trial (global population) in the New England Journal of Medicine on March 11, 2026 [1]. TETON-2 randomized 593 IPF patients aged 40 years or older 1:1 (Treprostinil n=298 / placebo n=295) in a 52-week multicenter double-blind trial, with median FVC change at week 52 as the primary endpoint [3].

The result: median FVC change was −49.9 mL (95%CI −79.2 to −19.5) in the Treprostinil group versus −136.4 mL (95%CI −172.5 to −104.0) in the placebo group, a between-group difference of +95.6 mL (p<0.001) [1]. The secondary endpoint of clinical worsening also favored Treprostinil (27.2% vs 39.0% placebo, a 33% relative reduction) [1]. Subsequently, TETON-1 (North American population, NCT04708782, n=598) met its primary endpoint as announced on March 30, 2026: absolute FVC change of +130.1 mL vs placebo (95%CI 82.2-178.1, p<0.0001), exceeding the TETON-2 effect [4]. On May 18, 2026, United Therapeutics announced that TETON-1 was simultaneously published in NEJM and presented at ATS 2026 [4b]. The combined TETON-1 + TETON-2 analysis indicated +111.8 mL (95%CI 79.7-144.0, p<0.0001) favoring inhaled Treprostinil, presented at the ATS 2026 oral session on May 18 [4b].

As of publication (2026-05-22), the IPF indication is investigational and not FDA-approved; United Therapeutics has guided sNDA submission by end of summer 2026 [4b]. If approved, inhaled Treprostinil would join Pirfenidone, Nintedanib, and Nerandomilast as a fourth disease-modifying option. For detailed pharmacological discussion and positioning within the existing IPF treatment landscape, see Inhaled Treprostinil deep dive.

3.2 Admilparant (BMS-986278) — Phase 2 FVC %predicted Evidence and the ALOFT Phase 3 Program

Bristol Myers Squibb's Admilparant is a first-in-class oral LPA1 receptor antagonist whose Phase 2 randomized clinical trial was published in AJRCCM 2025 by Corte TJ and colleagues [5]. The trial randomized 276 treated IPF patients and 123 treated PPF patients to admilparant 30 mg BID, 60 mg BID, or placebo, with FVC %predicted change at 26 weeks as the primary endpoint [5].

Results differed between the two cohorts. The PPF 60mg arm showed a statistically significant improvement of +3.2% (95%CI 0.7-5.7) versus placebo, while the IPF 60mg arm reached +1.4% (95%CI −0.1-3.0), which did not achieve statistical significance [5]. The safety profile noted asymptomatic hypotension in 13/42 (31.0%) patients, with essentially all events asymptomatic [7]. Building on this Phase 2 readout, two Phase 3 trials are running in parallel: ALOFT-IPF (NCT06003426), targeting primary completion around October 2026, and ALOFT-PPF [6].

As shown in the Source / ATS relevance column of the table above, Admilparant is without a confirmed ATS 2026 specific abstract (no individual mention in company IR or press) at the time of writing — we position it in this wrap-up as a Phase 3 context comparator, and will stage-update if a specific abstract surfaces after ATS conference DB indexing. The ALOFT-PPF design paper itself is an ATS 2025 abstract (A3543 in AJRCCM 211 Suppl_1, May 2025) rather than ATS 2026 [7]. For mechanism details, see LPA1 antagonist BMS-986278 deep dive.

4. First-in-Class Mechanisms — Rentosertib and Buloxibutid

4.1 Rentosertib (ISM001-055) — AI-Discovered First-in-Class TNIK Inhibitor

Insilico Medicine's Rentosertib (oral ISM001-055) is a notable example of a compound reaching Phase 2a in which both the target (TNIK) was AI-discovered and the small molecule was AI-generated by a generative AI platform (Pharma.AI) — we adopt the cautious phrasing used by the Nature Medicine authors rather than asserting "first compound" globally [8]. The Phase 2a GENESIS-IPF trial (NCT05938920), conducted in China, enrolled 71 patients across four arms (30mg QD / 30mg BID / 60mg QD / placebo, n=17-18 each) and used safety at week 12 as the primary endpoint [9].

All dose arms met the safety primary endpoint, with comparable TEAE rates across groups and most events mild or moderate [8]. These results were published in Nature Medicine on June 3, 2025, drawing wide attention as a proof-of-concept for AI-driven drug discovery reaching mid-stage clinical trials [8]. Insilico issued guidance on April 28, 2026, that Phase 3 initiation is planned for H2 2026 [10] (registrational development is guided; specific trial IDs/filings to be staged in).

Insilico's ATS 2026 presence was at the co-located Respiratory Innovation Summit (May 15-16) rather than the main conference, with a focus on inhaled rentosertib (ISM018_055, a separate formulation with China CDE IND clearance for a Phase 1 program). Four posters by Carol Ann Satler covered target biology, inhaled delivery strategy, translational science, and Phase 1 design [10]. Oral ISM001-055 (Nat Med 2025 Phase 2a) and inhaled ISM018_055 (ATS 2026 RIS, Phase 1 entry stage) must be distinguished as two separate formulations within the same TNIK-inhibitor program. See Rentosertib (TNIK inhibitor) deep dive.

4.2 Buloxibutid (C21) — AT2 Receptor Agonist with AIR Phase 2a and ASPIRE Phase 2b

Vicore Pharma's Buloxibutid is a first-in-class oral angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist (ATRAG class). The Phase 2a AIR trial was a 36-week open-label single-arm study, with 36-week FVC evaluable n=28 showing FVC +216 mL from baseline at week 36 [11].

Because AIR lacked a placebo arm (open-label design), the improvement magnitude is interpreted against an external comparator — the natural untreated trajectory typically showing ~400 mL FVC decline over 36 weeks (this is not a placebo-controlled RCT) [11]. Biological markers showed a trend toward increased plasma MMP-13 and decreased TGFβ1, consistent with the AT2R agonist mechanism [11]. No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported.

Based on these results, the Phase 2b ASPIRE trial (NCT06588686) was initiated as a global multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study; actual enrollment 378 per ClinicalTrials.gov, with enrollment completion announced on April 22, 2026 by Vicore [12]. The primary endpoint is FVC change at 52 weeks, with topline expected mid-2027 [12]. At ATS 2026, Vicore announced (in the 2026-04-29 PR) the presentation of AIR analyses and AT2R translational research as posters on May 17, 19, and 20 [11]. ASPIRE enrollment completion and the 52-week FVC endpoint are separately confirmable via the April 22, 2026 PR and ClinicalTrials.gov. See Buloxibutid (AT2R) deep dive.

5. Delivery Innovation and Symptomatic Therapy — AP01 and Nalbuphine ER

5.1 Avalyn AP01 — Inhaled Pirfenidone and ATS 2026 Patient-Centered Research

Avalyn Pharma's AP01 is an inhaled pirfenidone formulation delivered via the eFlow nebulizer, designed to avoid the gastrointestinal and hepatic adverse events associated with oral pirfenidone while maximizing local lung exposure. The Phase 1b ATLAS trial compared 50mg QD vs 100mg BID dosing up to 72 weeks. In March 2026, BMC Pulmonary Medicine published a Phase 1b open-label / post-hoc QCT (Quantitative CT) analysis showing that the 100mg BID arm had stable FVC and a trend toward smaller QLF (Quantitative Lung Fibrosis) progression (these are Phase 1b exploratory analyses, not new efficacy data) [13]. The BMC paper notes COVID-related scan delays, so week 24 and week 36 timepoints are partially mixed in the analysis dataset [13].

A noteworthy aspect was Avalyn's collaboration with Qureight to apply deep learning-based HRCT image analysis to ATLAS data. This analysis was presented at ATS 2025 (Vol 211 Suppl) as Abstract A5330, providing the scientific foundation for Avalyn's ATS 2026 presentations [14].

Avalyn's ATS 2026 presentations focused on patient-centered research. Specifically, two posters were presented in Thematic Poster Session B39 ("Breath and Burden: Diffuse Lung Diseases and Daily Life") on Monday May 18, 11:30-13:15: P60 "The Gold Standard of Care: What Patients Living with IPF Define..." (Dolly Kervitsky, PF Warriors), and P68 "Systematic Approach in Developing a User-centric Nebulizer..." (Stephen Pham, Avalyn SVP) [13]. These are qualitative patient experience research and nebulizer usability studies — not new efficacy data — and they sit alongside the ongoing Phase 2b MIST trial (in PPF). See Inhaled Pirfenidone AP01 deep dive.

5.2 Trevi Nalbuphine ER (Haduvio) — Phase 2b CORAL for IPF-Associated Chronic Cough

Trevi Therapeutics' Nalbuphine ER (proposed trade name Haduvio, as Trevi describes in End-of-Phase 2 disclosures) is the only symptomatic therapy among the six compounds covered here, targeting chronic cough symptom relief rather than IPF disease progression. Because there is no dedicated deep-dive article on this site, this section provides a comprehensive overview from mechanism to the latest trial results.

Mechanism — KAMA (kappa-agonist mu-antagonist) and the cough reflex arc: Nalbuphine ER is a KAMA opioid acting on both the central nervous system (nucleus tractus solitarii region) and peripheral airway sensory nerves, simultaneously modulating the central and peripheral components of the cough reflex arc. This is an antitussive mechanism, not antifibrotic or anti-inflammatory, and it is not expected to improve FVC or CT-based fibrosis indices.

CORAL Phase 2b trial design: a multinational multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted at 52 sites in 10 countries [15]. Inclusion required confirmed IPF, chronic cough for at least 8 weeks, and a Cough Severity Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) ≥4. Patients were randomized 1:1:1:1 to placebo, 27 mg BID, 54 mg BID, or 108 mg BID for 6 weeks [15]. The primary endpoint was relative reduction from baseline in 24-hour objective cough frequency (coughs/hour).

Primary endpoint results (baseline-to-week-6 within-arm reductions per JAMA Key Points): the 108 mg arm reduced cough frequency by 60.2% from baseline (31.5 → 11.9 coughs/h), the 54 mg arm by 53.4% (28.0 → 14.9), the 27 mg arm by 47.9% (24.6 → 11.9), and the placebo arm by 16.9% (29.4 → 28.1 coughs/h). The placebo comparisons reached P<.001, P<.001, and P=.008, respectively — note that 60.2% is the within-arm baseline reduction, not a placebo-adjusted reduction [15]. Results were published in JAMA on January 22, 2026, first author Molyneaux PL [15].

Safety profile: BID dosing was stable. Dependence and respiratory depression profiles for Nalbuphine ER should be described based on the observed safety in CORAL and Trevi's End-of-Phase 2 disclosures rather than asserting safety superiority over full mu-agonist opioids. Detailed AE comparisons are in the CORAL paper (JAMA 2026) and Trevi IR materials [16b].

Trevi's ATS 2026 presentation lineup: one oral on May 18 plus four posters were accepted [16]: (1) CORAL primary endpoint analysis, (2) CORAL subgroup analysis, (3) post-hoc analysis of cough bouts integrating CORAL + RIVER, (4) Phase 1 drug-drug interaction (DDI) study, and (5) Phase 3 design overview. The RIVER trial is a Phase 2a in refractory chronic cough (RCC) patients, providing bridging data for non-IPF chronic cough indications.

Phase 3 plans and intended patient population: Trevi plans to initiate a Phase 3 program in 2026 covering both IPF-related chronic cough and non-IPF ILD chronic cough [16]. An estimated 80%+ of IPF patients experience chronic cough, and because pirfenidone, nintedanib, and nerandomilast have limited direct effect on cough, Nalbuphine ER could occupy a distinct niche as adjunctive symptom relief compatible with existing antifibrotics.

Misreading risk note: this drug does not target IPF disease modification (FVC improvement, survival extension). It is specifically aimed at symptom (cough) relief. The phrase "Nalbuphine ER treats IPF" is misleading and is avoided throughout this article; we consistently describe it as symptom relief / adjunctive therapy.

6. Tier-2 Context and Historical Background

Outside the main scope of this wrap-up, a footnote-level mention is warranted for related IPF candidates. Endeavor BioMedicines' ENV-101 (taladegib, Smoothened/Hedgehog inhibitor) had its Phase 2a results presented at ATS 2025 (May 2025) and published in Lancet Respiratory Medicine in September 2025 (n=41, FVC %predicted +3.95 vs placebo, p=0.035). Phase 2b WHISTLE-PF is ongoing. We could not confirm a specific ATS 2026 abstract and therefore excluded it from the main scope, though it remains valuable context for mechanism diversity (Hedgehog pathway inhibition).

Historical failures are also documented for context. Pamrevlumab (FG-3019, anti-CTGF antibody) was discontinued after the ZEPHYRUS Phase 3 failure in 2023 [detail], and Bexotegrast (PLN-74809, αvβ6 integrin) had its BEACON-IPF Phase 2b/3 trial halted in 2024 due to safety concerns [detail]. These serve as cautionary references — "mechanisms that stumble in Phase 3" — when evaluating the next wave of Phase 3 readouts (Treprostinil complete, Admilparant ongoing).

7. Takeaway — Three Transitions ATS 2026 Signaled for IPF Drug Development

1. Phase 3 FVC modality consolidation: The +95.6 mL FVC difference (p<0.001) from TETON-2 positions Treprostinil as a potential fourth disease-modifying candidate alongside Nintedanib, Pirfenidone, and Nerandomilast. With Admilparant ALOFT-IPF readout expected in late 2026, IPF treatment options may expand further by 2027.
2. Clinical validation of first-in-class mechanisms accelerates: Rentosertib (TNIK inhibition, AI discovery) and Buloxibutid (AT2R agonism) are both single-target first-in-class candidates that broke through to Phase 2-3 stages, contrasting with the pirfenidone/nintedanib multi-kinase predecessors. This parallels the evolving IPF vs PPF paradigm and accelerates mechanism diversification.
3. Symptomatic therapy and delivery innovation take center stage: Nalbuphine ER (60.2% cough reduction in CORAL Phase 2b) and AP01 (patient-centered research) signal a paradigm shift in which IPF is addressed along both "progression suppression" and "QoL improvement" axes. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as primary endpoints are likely to feature more prominently in upcoming trial designs.

Related Articles

• ATS 2026 Preview: 6 Clinical Development Topics in IPF and Pulmonary Fibrosis
• IPF Drug Pipeline 2025-2026: Approvals, Failures & Outlook
• Nerandomilast (PDE4B inhibitor) deep dive
• Inhaled Treprostinil (Tyvaso) deep dive
• LPA1 antagonist BMS-986278 (Admilparant) deep dive
• Rentosertib (TNIK inhibitor) deep dive
• Buloxibutid (AT2R agonist) deep dive
• Inhaled Pirfenidone AP01 (Avalyn) deep dive
• IPF vs PPF paradigm

References

1. Nathan SD, Smith P, Deng C, et al. Inhaled Treprostinil for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2026 (Epub 2026-03-11). (PMID 41812190) DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2512911 — TETON-2 trial.

2. TETON-1 ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04708782 (North American population).

3. TETON-2 ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05255991 (global population).

4. United Therapeutics. TETON-1 Pivotal Study of Tyvaso Meets Primary Endpoint for Treatment of IPF, Exceeding TETON-2 Effect (FVC +130.1 mL, p<0.0001). Press release 2026-03-30 (IR release). Plus Q1 2026 results / ATS 2026 schedule (May 17 Breaking News + May 18 oral session). Press release 2026-05-11 (IR release).

4b. United Therapeutics. TETON-1 Study of Tyvaso Published in The New England Journal of Medicine and Presented at ATS 2026 (combined TETON-1+TETON-2 +111.8 mL FVC; IPF investigational, sNDA planned summer 2026). Press release 2026-05-18 (IR PDF).

5. Corte TJ, Behr J, Cottin V, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Admilparant, an LPA1 Antagonist, in Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025. (PMID 39393084) DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202405-0977OC.

6. ALOFT-IPF ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06003426 (Phase 3, ~Oct 2026 primary completion).

7. Martinez FJ, Corte TJ, Cottin V, et al. Design and Rationale of a Phase 3 Trial for Admilparant (BMS-986278) in Patients With Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis: ALOFT-PPF. AJRCCM 2025;211(Suppl_1):A3543 — ATS 2025 abstract (Oxford Academic).

8. Ren F, et al. A generative AI-discovered TNIK inhibitor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nat Med. 2025 (Epub 2025-06-03). DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-03743-2. GENESIS-IPF, n=71, China.

9. GENESIS-IPF ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05938920.

10. See [8] for Nature Medicine Phase 2a (oral ISM001-055). Plus Insilico Medicine. Inhaled rentosertib (ISM018_055) Inhalation Solution receives IND clearance — world's first AI-driven candidate to enter direct-to-lung clinical study. 2026-04-28 (PR Newswire). Plus ATS 2026 Respiratory Innovation Summit — inhaled rentosertib 4 posters (ATS RIS agenda).

11. Vicore Pharma. AIR Phase 2a 36-week FVC results + ATS 2026 presentations (AIR analyses + AT2R translational research, posters 5/17, 5/19, 5/20). Press release 2026-04-29 (Vicore PR).

12. ASPIRE ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06588686 (actual enrollment 378). Vicore Pharma. ASPIRE Phase 2b enrollment complete, 52-wk FVC endpoint, topline mid-2027. Press release 2026-04-22 (Vicore PR).

13. Avalyn Pharma. AP01 ATLAS Phase 1b publication in BMC Pulmonary Medicine — primary publication: BMC Pulm Med 2026; GlobeNewswire 2026-03-25. Plus AP01 ATS 2026 patient-centered research (Posters P60 + P68, Session B39, Mon 5/18 11:30-13:15). GlobeNewswire 2026-05-05 (Avalyn ATS 2026 PR).

14. Singh D, et al. Dose-Dependent Change of Inhaled Pirfenidone Seen in Lung Volume and Fibrosis Quantification in Patients With IPF: A Deep Learning Image-Based Analysis of Data From the ATLAS Phase 1b Trial. AJRCCM 2025;211(Suppl_1):A5330 — ATS 2025 abstract (ATS Journals).

15. Molyneaux PL, Mogulkoc N, Gunen H, et al. Oral Nalbuphine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-Associated Cough: The CORAL Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2026-01-22. (PMID 41569557) DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.26179.

16. Trevi Therapeutics. ATS 2026 acceptances — oral 5/18 + 4 posters: CORAL primary/subgroup + cough bouts post-hoc (CORAL + RIVER) + Phase 1 DDI + Phase 3 design. 2026-04-30 (Trevi IR PR).

16b. Trevi Therapeutics. End-of-Phase 2 meeting completion + Haduvio proposed trade name disclosure. (Trevi IR PR).

17. Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Richeldi L, et al. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (an Update) and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in Adults: An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(9):e18-e47. (PMID 35486072) DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0399ST.

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Disclosure: This article is an informational summary based on publicly available information related to fibrosis and inflammation research. It does not constitute a recommendation for prescribing any specific drug, clinical advice, or any commercial relationship with the cited companies. All clinical decisions should be made under the judgment of qualified healthcare providers.